mkdir - make directories
eg:- mkdir vishnu
cd - change directories. Use cd to change directories.
eg:- cd /home/vishnu/test/
mv- used to move files or directories and also used to chage its name
eg:- mv test.txt /home/vishnu/example/
mv test.txt example.txt
pwd - print working directory or present working directory
eg:- pwd
/home/vishnu/test/example/
rmdir - Remove an existing directory
rm -rf
eg:- rmdir test
rm -rf test
chown - change file owner and group
eg:- chown vishnu.vishnu example.txt
chown vishnu. * -R
chown vishnu. example.txt
chgrp - change group
eg:- chgrp vishnu text.txt
chgrp vishnu example
chmod - change file access permissions
eg:- chmod 644 test.txt
chmod 777 example
usage;- chmod [ .. ] file/folder
u - User who owns the file.
g - Group that owns the file.
o - Other.
a - All.
r - Read the file.
w - Write or edit the file.
x - Execute or run the file as a program.
Numeric Permissions:
CHMOD can also to attributed by using Numeric Permissions:
400 read by owner
040 read by group
004 read by anybody (other)
200 write by owner
020 write by group
002 write by anybody
100 execute by owner
010 execute by group
001 execute by anybody
ls - Short listing of directory contents
eg:- ls
ls -la
usage:-
-a list hidden files
-d list the name of the current directory
-F show directories with a trailing '/'
executable files with a trailing '*'
-g show group ownership of file in long listing
-i print the inode number of each file
-l long listing giving details about files and directories
-R list all subdirectories encountered
-t sort by time modified instead of name
cp - Copy files
eg:- cp text.txt /vishnu/example/
cp -pr example /home/folders/
cal month year - Prints a calendar for the specified month of the specified year.
clear - Clears the terminal screen.(ctrl + l)
cmp file1 file2 - Compares two files, reporting all discrepancies. Similar to the diff command, though the output format differs.
diff file1 file2 - Compares two files, reporting all discrepancies. Similar to the cmp command, though the output format differs.
passwd - change password
Saturday, August 1, 2009
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